Amateka

U Rwanda ni igihugu cy'urubyiruko. Imyaka yo hagati ibarwa nkimyaka 19, kandi hafi 78% byabaturage bari munsi yimyaka 35. Nk’uko bivugwa (UN DESA, 2019), impuzandengo y’imyaka mu gihugu ni imyaka 20, kandi hafi 67% by’abaturage bari munsi y’imyaka 30 naho abafite kuva ku myaka 16 kugeza ku myaka 30 bagize hafi 27% by’abaturage bose (NISR) , 2018b).

Ubuhinzi nicyo gikorwa nyamukuru cyubukungu mu Rwanda hamwe 70% byabaturage bakora muri uwo mwuga, naho hafi 72% byabaturage bakora mubuhinzi. N’ubwo ingamba zitandukanye n’ingamba zinyuranye zo guhuza ibyifuzo by’igihugu, ubushomeri mu rubyiruko bukomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye mu Rwanda. Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’abakozi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2020, ivuga ko umubare w'abakozi bitabira ari 56.4% naho ubushomeri mu rubyiruko bukaba 22.4%.

Nyamara, amahirwe yo kubona akazi ku rubyiruko rwo mu cyaro aracyari make kandi afite ireme. Ni muri urwo rwego, korohereza uruhare rw’urubyiruko mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi rufite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubukene mu cyaro hagati y’urubyiruko n’abantu bakuru.

Urubyiruko rwo mucyaro nigihe kizaza cyo kwihaza mu biribwa. Nyamara ku isi hose, urubyiruko ruke rubona ejo hazaza habo mu buhinzi mu cyaro. Urubyiruko rwo mucyaro ruhura n'inzitizi nyinshi mugushaka kwibeshaho. Mu gihe ibiribwa byinshi ku isi bikozwe n’aborozi bato (basaza) mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, abahinzi bakuze ntibakunze gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya rikenewe kugira ngo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wiyongere, kandi ugaburire abatuye isi biyongera mu gihe barengera ibidukikije.

Politiki yo kwishyira hamwe ikubiyemo kandi amatsinda yihariye, aho urubyiruko rw’abakobwa n’abafite ubumuga bahagarariwe mu mahuriro afata ibyemezo by’urubyiruko. 50% by'Abanyarwanda bari munsi y’imyaka 20 naho urubyiruko ruri mu kazi (15-34) rugizwe na 77% by'abaturage bo mu cyaro.

EICV5 ya 2018 yerekana ko 63% by'igitsina gore bakora bari mu mirimo ijyanye n'ubuhinzi ugereranije na 43% mu bagabo bakora. Amahirwe angana mu buhinzi rero ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu iterambere rirambye cyane cyane umurimo, kwinjiza amafaranga no kugabanya ubukene, no kugera ku mibereho myiza yo mu Rwanda. Ikibazo cy’ibanze cy’u Rwanda, cyane cyane ku rubyiruko, ntabwo ari uguhanga imirimo gusa ahubwo ni guhanga imirimo ihanitse izagabanya ubukene. Uyu munsi Guhinga bingana na 33% yimirimo mishya yose yashizweho mubukungu bwu Rwanda (2018 EICV5).

Ibyifuzo byinshi ku buhinzi bizarushaho gutanga akazi (cyane cyane ku rubyiruko), ndetse no kugira uruhare mu guhindura ubukungu n’ubuzima bw’abanyarwanda (cyane cyane abakene benshi, benshi muri bo bakaba ari abagore), bituma uburinganire n’urubyiruko bigenda byinjira mu buhinzi byanze bikunze.

RYAF yatangijwe ku mugaragaro tariki ya 3 Gicurasi 2016 kubw’igitekerezo nyamukuru cya Leta y’ u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (MINAGRI) ku bufatanye n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku Ubuhinzi n’ibiribwa ku Isi (FAO) n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa. Yashyizweho kugira ngo ihindure imitekerereze y’urubyiruko mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi, kugira ngo duhindure Ubuhinzi bwa mpinge nde ahubwo bube ubwa mpinge neza, nsarure neza, mbone ibitunga umuryango kandi ngurishe no ku isoko muburyo burambye.

RYAF yashinzwe nk’ihuriro ry’urubyiruko rikorera Mugihugu hose, rishinzwe kurengera no kuvuganira Inyungu z’urubyiruko rwose ruri muri Agribusiness ( (Urubyiruko ruri mubuhinzi n’ubworozi by’ibanze, urubyiruko ruri mugice cyo Kongerera agaciro umusaruro, abatanga service ndetse n’abacuruza inyongeramusaruro mu buhinzi, tutibagiwe n’abatanga serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi) kugirango habe guhuza no Kongerera ijwi imiryango y’urubyiruko ruri mubuhinzi n’ubworozi biganisha kubucuruzi (Agribusiness).

Kugirango tugere kuri iyi ntumbero, ihuriro rihuza amatsinda ya ba rwiyemeza mirimo b’urubyiruko, amakompanyi/sosiyete, amakoperative, ndetse n’abantu kugiti cyabo kugirango bisuzume niba koko Ubuhinzi/bworozi bakora buri mu intumbero y’ubuhinzi bukenewe bityo uko kwisuzuma kukazatnga impinduka nziza mu iterambere ry’ubuhinzi yaba kugiti cyabo cyangwa ku gihugu muri rusange. Iyo bigenze gutyo, Inshingano z’ayo matsinda y’urubyiruko ziba ari izo gufasha ndetse no gukangurira urundi rubyiruko yaba ari urwo mumujyi cyangwa urwo mu cyaro, kumva no gusobanukirwa ibyiza byo kwihuriza hamwe, guhinga/korora neza biganisha kukonger umusaruro ndetse biganisha ku isoko ariko nanone bigashingira no kumahirwe ari mu buhinzi muri iyi iminsi.