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Amavu n'amavuko

U Rwanda ni igihugu kigizwe númubare munini w’urubyiruko. Imyaka yo hagati ibarwa nk’imyaka 19, kandi hafi 78% by’abaturage bari munsi y’imyaka 35. Nk’uko bivugwa (UN DESA, 2019), impuzandengo y’imyaka mu gihugu ni imyaka 20, kandi hafi 67% by’abaturage bari munsi y’imyaka 30 naho abafite kuva ku myaka 16 kugeza ku myaka 30 bagize hafi 27% by’abaturage bose (NISR), 2018b).

Ubuhinzi nicyo gikorwa nyamukuru cy’ubukungu mu Rwanda. ikigero cya 70% by’abaturage bakora uwo mwuga, naho hafi 72% by’abaturage bakora mu buhinzi. N’ubwo ingamba zitandukanye zo guhuza ibyifuzo by’igihugu zafashwe, ubushomeri mu rubyiruko bukomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye mu Rwanda. Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe níkigo cyígihugu cyíbarurishamibare ku miterere yakazi n’abagakora mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2020, ivuga ko umubare w'abanyarwanda bari mu kazi bangana na 56.4% naho ubushomeri mu rubyiruko bukaba ku kigero cya 22.4%.

Nyamara, amahirwe yo kubona akazi ku rubyiruko rwo mu cyaro aracyari make kandi n’akabonetse kaba ari akazi katababeshaho neza. Ni muri urwo rwego dusanga gufasha urubyiruko   ruri mu buhinzi bishobora kugabanya ubukene mu cyaro, haba mu rubyiruko no mu bakuze.

Urubyiruko rwo mucyaro nigihe kizaza cyo kwihaza mu biribwa. Nyamara ku isi hose, urubyiruko rutuye mu bice by’ibyaro ni rwo mizero kwihaza mu biribwa kw’ejo hazaza. N’ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hirya no hino ku isi urubyiruko rucye ni rwo rwibona mu buhinzi bwo mu bice by’icyaro. Urubyiruko rwo mucyaro ruracyahura n'inzitizi nyinshi mu gushaka kwibeshaho. Mu gihe ibiribwa byinshi ku isi bihingwa n’abahanzi bageze mu gihe cyabo cy’ubusaza kandi bakaba bakora ubuhinzi budasagurira isoko, mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, abahinzi bakuze ntibakunze gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya rikenewe kugira ngo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wiyongere, kandi ugaburire abatuye isi biyongera kandi ku buryo burengera  ibidukikije.

Politiki yo kutagira uwo usiga inyuma  ikubiyemo kandi amatsinda yihariye, aho urubyiruko rw’abakobwa n’abafite ubumuga bahagarariwe mu mahuriro afata ibyemezo by’urubyiruko. 50% by'Abanyarwanda bari munsi y’imyaka 20 naho urubyiruko ruri mu kazi (mu cyiciro cy’imyaka15-34) rugizwe na 77% by'abaturage bo mu cyaro.

EICV5 ya 2018 yerekana ko 63% by'igitsina gore bakora bari mu mirimo ijyanye n'ubuhinzi ugereranije na 43% mu bagabo bakora. Amahirwe angana mu buhinzi rero ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu iterambere rirambye by’umwihariko mu gutanga imirimo, kwinjiza amafaranga no kugabanya ubukene, no kugera ku mibereho myiza yo mu Rwanda. Ikibazo cy’ibanze cy’u Rwanda, by’umwihariko ku rubyiruko, ntabwo ari uguhanga imirimo gusa ahubwo ni guhanga imirimo ya nyayo yagabanya ubukene. Uyu munsi ubuhinzi butanga imirimo ingana na 33% yimirimo mishya yose yahanzwe mu bukungu bw’u Rwanda (2018 EICV5).

Ibyifuzo byinshi ko ubuhinzi bwarushaho gutanga akazi (cyane cyane ku rubyiruko), ndetse no kugira uruhare mu guhindura ubukungu n’ubuzima bw’abanyarwanda (cyane cyane abakene benshi, benshi muri bo bakaba ari abagore), bituma uburinganire n’urubyiruko bigomba kwitabwaho mu buhinzi byanze bikunze.

RYAF yatangijwe ku mugaragaro tariki ya 3 Gicurasi 2016 ku bufasha bwa Leta y’ u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (MINAGRI) ku bufatanye kandi  n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku Ubuhinzi n’ibiribwa ku Isi (FAO) n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa. Yashyizweho kugira ngo ifashe mu guhindura imitekerereze y’urubyiruko mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi, kugira ngo Ubuhinzi bwa mpinge ndye ahubwo bube ubwa mpinge neza, nsarure neza, mbone ibitunga umuryango kandi ngurishe no ku isoko mu buryo burambye.

RYAF yashinzwe nk’ihuriro ry’urubyiruko rw’abakoresha ruri mu bushabitsi bujyanye n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. RYAF ikorera mu gihugu hose, ikaba ishinzwe kurengera no kuvuganira Inyungu z’urubyiruko rwose ruri muri Agribusiness (Urubyiruko ruri mu buhinzi n’ubworozi by’ibanze, urubyiruko ruri mu gice cyo Kongerera agaciro umusaruro, abatanga serivisi ndetse n’abacuruza inyongeramusaruro mu buhinzi, tutibagiwe n’abatanga serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi) kugirango habe guhuza no Kongerera ijwi imiryango y’urubyiruko ruri mu buhinzi n’ubworozi biganisha ku bucuruzi (Agribusiness).

Kugirango tugere kuri iyi ntumbero, ihuriro rihuza amatsinda ya ba rwiyemeza mirimo b’urubyiruko, amakompanyi/sosiyete, amakoperative, ndetse n’abantu kugiti cyabo kugirango bisuzume niba koko Ubuhinzi/bworozi bakora buri mu ntumbero y’ubuhinzi bukenewe bityo uko kwisuzuma kukazatanga impinduka nziza mu iterambere ry’ubuhinzi yaba ku giti cyabo cyangwa ku gihugu muri rusange. Inshingano z’ayo matsinda y’urubyiruko zikaba ari izo gufasha ndetse no gukangurira urundi rubyiruko yaba ari urwo mu mujyi cyangwa urwo mu cyaro, kumva no gusobanukirwa ibyiza byo kwihuriza hamwe, guhinga/korora neza biganisha ku kwongera umusaruro ndetse biganisha ku isoko ariko nanone bigashingira no ku mahirwe ari mu buhinzi muri iyi iminsi.